Procedure for driving a vehicle with a hybrid drivetrain, vehicles with such a hybrid drivetrain, co

专利摘要:
Summary Method for engaging a vehicle with a hybrid driveline (3), comprising an internal combustion engine (4); a gearbox having an input shaft (8) and an output shaft (20), the internal combustion engine being coupled to the input shaft (8); a first planetary shaft (10) coupled to the input shaft (8); a second planetary gear (12) coupled to the first planetary gear (10): a first electric machine (14) coupled to the first planetary gear (10); a second electrical machine (16) coupled to the second planetary gear (12); at least one pair of gears (G 1, 60, 72) connected to the first planetary shaft (10) and the output shaft (20); and at least one pair of gears (G2, 66, 78) connected to the second planetary shaft (12) and the output shaft (20). The method comprises the steps of: a) ensuring that the rotatable components (26, 50) of the first planetary gear (10) are disengaged from each other and ensuring that the rotatable components (32, 51) of the second planetary gear (12) are disengaged from each other, b) ensuring that at least one gear is engaged corresponding to the at least one gear pair (G1, 60, 72) connected to the first planetary gear (10) and / or the gear pair (G2, 66, 78) connected to the second planetary gear (12) and c) actuating the first electric machine (14) and the second electric machine (16), so that the total electrical power emitted from the first and second electric machine (14, 16) is zero and so that a torque is generated at the output shaft (20). The invention also relates to a vehicle (1), which crosses according to the method according to the invention. The invention also relates to a computer program (P) for engaging a vehicle with a hybrid driveline (3) and a computer program product comprising program code for an electronic control unit (48) or another computer (53) for implementing the method according to the invention. (Fig. 2)
公开号:SE1450328A1
申请号:SE1450328
申请日:2014-03-20
公开日:2015-09-21
发明作者:Johan Lindström；Mathias Björkman；Niklas Pettersson；Mikael Bergquist
申请人:Scania Cv Ab；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND PRIOR ART The present invention relates to a method for engaging a vehicle with a hybrid driveline according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a vehicle, which comprises such a hybrid driveline according to the preamble of claim 10, a computer program for controlling the squaring of a vehicle according to the preamble of claim 11, and a computer program product comprising program code according to the preamble of claim 12.
Hybrid vehicles can be driven by a primal engine, which can be an internal combustion engine, and a secondary engine, which can be an electric machine. The electrical machine is equipped with at least one energy storage, such as an electrochemical energy storage for storing electrical energy and control equipment for regulating the flow of electrical energy between the energy storage and the electrical machine. The electric machine can thus alternately work as a motor and generator depending on the operating condition of the vehicle. When the vehicle is braked, the electric machine generates electrical energy which is stored in the energy store. This is usually called regenerative braking, which means that the vehicle is braked with the help of the electric machine and the internal combustion engine. The stored electrical energy is later used for operation of the vehicle.
A planetary gear usually comprises three components which are rotatably arranged in relation to each other, namely a sun gear, a planet gear holder and a ring gear. With knowledge of the number of teeth of the sun gear and the ring gear, the onboard speeds of the three components can be determined during operation. One of the components of the planetary shaft may be connected to an output shaft of an internal combustion engine. This component of the planetary shaft thus rotates at a speed corresponding to the speed of the output shaft of the internal combustion engine. A second component of the planetary gear may be connected by an input shaft to a gearbox. This component of the planetary shaft thus rotates at the same speed as the input shaft of the gearbox. A third component of the planetary gear is to provide hybrid operation connected to a rotor of an electric machine. This component of the planetary shaft thus rotates at the same speed as the rotor of the electric machine if they are directly connected 2 to each other. Alternatively, the electric machine may be connected to the third component of the planetary gear via a transmission having a gear ratio. In this case, the electric machine and the third component of the planetary gear can rotate at different speeds. The speed and / or torque of electrical machines can be regulated steplessly. During operating cases when the input shaft to the gearbox is to be given a desired speed and / or torque, a control unit calculates, with knowledge of the combustion engine speed, the speed at which the third component must be driven in order for the input shaft to the gearbox to obtain the desired speed. . A control unit activates the electric machine, so that it gives the third component the calculated speed and thus the input shaft to the gearbox the desired speed.
By coupling the output shaft of the internal combustion engine, the rotor of the electric machine and the input shaft of the gearbox to a planetary shaft, the conventional coupling mechanism can be avoided. When accelerating the vehicle, an increased torque must be delivered from the internal combustion engine and the electric machine to the gearbox and on to the vehicle's drive wheel. Since both the internal combustion engine and the electric machine are connected to the planetary gear, the largest possible torque supplied by the internal combustion engine and the electric machine will be limited by any of these drives, whose highest torque is lower than the highest torque of the other drive unit. If the maximum torque of the electric machine is lower than the maximum torque of the internal combustion engine, taking into account the gear ratio between them, the electric machine will not form a sufficiently large reaction torque to the planetary gear, which means that the internal combustion engine cannot transmit its highest torque to the gearbox. and on to the vehicle's drive wheel. Thus, the highest transferable torque to the gearbox is limited by the strength of the electric machine. This is also evident from the so-called planetary equation.
Utilizing a conventional clutch that disengages the input shaft of the gearbox from the internal combustion engine during shifting processes in the gearbox entailed disadvantages, such as heating of the clutch slats, which results in wear of the clutch slats and also an increased fuel consumption. In addition, a conventional coupling mechanism is relatively heavy and expensive. It also occupies a relatively large space in the vehicle.
In a vehicle, the available space for the drive device is often limited. If the drive device comprises a plurality of components, such as an internal combustion engine, an electric machine, a gearbox and a planetary gear, the construction must be compact. In the case of additional components, such as a regenerative braking device, there shall be no other requirement that the components included in the drive device have a compact construction. At the same time, the components included in the drive device must be designed with dimensions that can absorb the required forces and torques.
For certain types of vehicles, especially heavy trucks and buses, a large number of gear steps are required. This increases the number of components in the gearbox, which must also be dimensioned to be able to absorb large hails and torques that occur in such heavy vehicles. This results in an increase in the size and weight of the gearbox.
There are also requirements for high reliability and high reliability of the components that are in the drive device. If the gearbox contains lamella couplings, wear occurs, which affects the reliability and service life of the gearbox.
In regenerative braking, kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy, which is stored in an energy store, such as accumulators. One factor that affects the life of the energy store is the number of cycles that the energy store tiff & and absorbs power to and from the electrical machines. The more cycles, the shorter the life of the energy store.
When engaging with a vehicle which includes a hybrid driveline, the internal combustion engine and / or electric motor can be used to accelerate the vehicle from a stationary state to the desired speed. When using the electric motor, electricity from an energy storage is used to drive the electric motor.
The document EP-B1-1126987 shows a gearbox with double planetary shafts. The sun gear of each planetary gear is connected to an electric machine and the ring wheels of the planetary gears are connected to each other. The planetary gear housings of each planetary gear are connected to a number of gear pairs, in such a way that an infinite number of gear steps are obtained. Another document, EP-B1-1280677, also shows how the planetary shafts can be bridged with a gear step arranged on the shaft of the internal combustion engine. 4 The document US-A1-20050227803 shows a vehicle transmission with two electric machines, which are connected to the respective sun wheels of two planetary gearboxes. The planetary gearboxes have a common planetary gear carrier, which is connected to the input shaft of the transmission.
Document WO2008 / 046185-A 1 shows a hybrid transmission with two planetary gearboxes, in which an electric machine is connected to one planetary gearbox and a double coupling cooperates with the other planetary gearbox. The two planetary gear units also cooperate with each other via a gear transmission.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Despite known solutions in the art, there is a need to further develop a hybrid powertrain to effect the running of a vehicle and to increase the life of an energy depot in the hybrid powertrain.
The object of the present invention is thus to provide a collision of a vehicle which is provided with a hybrid driveline.
A further object of the present invention is to increase the service life of an energy storage in the hybrid driveline.
Another object of the invention is to provide a new and advantageous computer program for effecting the vehicle equipped with the hybrid driveline.
These objects are achieved by the method stated in the introduction, which can be characterized by the features stated in the country-drawing part of claim 1.
These objects are also achieved with the vehicle stated in the introduction, which is characterized by the features stated in the marking part of claim 10.
These objects are also achieved with the computer program for driving the vehicle, which is provided with the hybrid driveline, which computer program is characterized by the features stated in the characterizing part of claim 11.
These objects are also achieved with the computer software product for accommodating the vehicle, which is provided with the hybrid driveline, which computer software product can be characterized by the features stated in the characterizing part of claim 12.
With the method according to the invention an efficient monitoring of the vehicle, which is provided with the hybrid driveline, is obtained. Drive-in of the vehicle takes place from a stationary state of the vehicle or from a state where the vehicle is traveling at a lawful speed. When the driver of the vehicle moves a speed control to the desired position, the electrical machines are controlled so that a torque is generated at the output shaft. The vehicle will cid accelerate to the desired speed with the help of the internal combustion engine. During the carriage of the vehicle, the rotatable components of the planetary shafts are disengaged from each other and a lamp gear is loaded into the gearbox.
According to one embodiment of the method, the first electric machine is activated to perform a first torque and the second electric machine is activated to perform a second torque, the magnitude of the first and second torques affecting the overford power between the first and second electric machines. When the total power frail electric machines cancel each other out and the sum of the power becomes zero, the energy storage will not be utilized. In this case, it is possible to select a first and second element which the electric machines are to generate in order to obtain a certain emitted electrical power from each of the electrical machines where the sum of the emitted power from the first and second electric machine becomes zero.
The electrical machines, which are connected to the planetary shafts, can generate current and / or supply torques depending on the desired operating condition. According to the invention, the electrical machines will supply each other with power during the monitoring of the vehicle. This reduces the frequency of extraction and supply of energy from and to the energy storage, which results in an increase in the life of the energy storage.
It is thus possible to drive the vehicle with the hybrid driveline without the use of energy storage. Functions that are active when the combustion engine is switched off will not be realized without the effect of the energy storage. When the energy storage is disconnected during the operating situation, the first electric machine is used to regulate the voltage between the electric machines. The second electric machine is controlled to deliver the desired torque. Which of the electrical machines regulates the voltage and which is controlled to a desired torque will vary depending on the type of operating situation. 6 In some applications it may be advantageous not to equip the vehicle with energy storage. An energy store is expensive, has a considerable weight and is space-consuming. Even if the vehicle is or is to be equipped with energy storage, situations may arise where the energy storage is not available, such as in the event of operational problems or in special operating conditions, such as extreme temperatures. Furthermore, the energy storage can be taken out of operation during a certain production moment or during repair of the vehicle and the energy storage. Then it is an advantage if the vehicle can be used with as normal a function as possible. By conducting electrical energy from one electrical machine to the other electrical machine via a switch, electrical energy will not be conducted to and from the energy store. This creates the conditions for an increased service life of the energy storage.
By connecting a first planet gear holder of the first planetary gear connected to a second sun gear of the second planetary gear, a first sun gear of the first planetary gear connected to the first major shaft and a second planetary gear holder of the second planetary gear connected to the second major shaft, a transmission that shifts without torque interruption is obtained.
The gearbox may be provided with a number of gear pairs, which include with a side shaft mechanically loadable and disengageable gears. This provides a number of fixed gear steps, which can be geared without interruption of torque. The gears that can be loaded on the side axle also mean that a compact design with high reliability and high reliability is obtained. Alternatively, gears present with the pair of gears can be arranged to be loadable and disengageable on the first and / or second main shaft.
With the gearbox according to the invention, conventional slip couplings between the internal combustion engine and the gearbox can be avoided.
A welding mechanism is provided for firmly connecting the output shaft of the internal combustion engine to the housing of the gearbox. Thus, the first planetary gear housing will also be welded to the gearbox housing. By welding the output shaft of the internal combustion engine and the first planetary gear carrier with the housing of the gearbox by means of the welding mechanism, the gearbox and thus the vehicle are adapted for electric operation of the electric machines. The electric machines thus emit a torque to the output shaft of the gearbox. A first and second coupling unit are arranged between planetary gear carriers and sun gear at each planetary gear. The purpose of the coupling units is to load the respective planet gear holders with the sun gear. When the planetary gear carrier and the sun gear are connected to each other, the power from the internal combustion engine will pass through the planetary gear carrier, the clutch unit, the sun gear and on to the gearbox, which means that the planetary wheels do not absorb torque. This means that the dimension of the planet gears can only be adapted to the torque of the electric machine instead of the torque of the internal combustion engine, which in turn means that the planet gears can be made with smaller dimensions. Thus, a drive device according to the invention is obtained which has a compact construction, low weight and low manufacturing cost.
The coupling units and the welding mechanisms preferably comprise an annular sleeve which is displaced axially between a coupled and uncoupled bearing. The sleeve essentially concentrically encloses the rotating components of the gearbox and is moved between the connected and disconnected layers by means of a force element. This results in a compact design with low weight and low manufacturing cost.
In order to connect the sun gear and planet gear holder of the respective planetary gear by means of the first and the second coupling unit, the internal combustion engine and / or the first electric machine and / or the second electric machine are controlled, so that a synchronous speed is achieved between the sun wheel and the planet wheel holder. When synchronous speed has been achieved, the shift clutch unit is shifted, so that the sun gear and the planetary gear holder are mechanically connected to each other.
To disengage the sun gear and planet gear carrier of each planetary gear, the first and / or the second electric machine is controlled so that torque balance races in the planetary gear. When torque balance has been achieved, the coupling unit is displaced, so that the sun gear and the planetary gear holder are no longer mechanically connected to each other.
Torque balance refers to a condition in which a torque acts on a ring gear arranged at the planetary gear, corresponding to the torque acting on the planetary gear bearing of the planetary gear and the gear ratio of the planetary gear while a torque acts on the sun gear of the planetary gear, corresponding to the torque shaft and planetary gear gear ratio). In the event that two of the planetary gear unit's input 8 parts, sun gear, ring gear or planet gear carrier, are connected by means of a coupling unit, no torque between the planetary gear unit parts opposite the torque balance races opposite this coupling unit. This allows the coupling unit on a single salt to be displaced and the integral parts of the planetary gear to be disengaged.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the following, as an example, preferred embodiments of the invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 schematically shows a vehicle in a side view with a hybrid driveline adapted for carriage according to the method, according to the present invention; a schematic side view of a hybrid driveline adapted for grounding according to the method, according to the present invention, Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of a hybrid driveline adapted for grounding according to the method, according to the present invention, and Fig. 4 shows a flow chart regarding the grounding method of a vehicle according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION Fig. 1 schematically shows a side view of a vehicle 1, which comprises a gearbox 2 and an internal combustion engine 4, which is engaged in a hybrid driveline 3. The internal combustion engine 4 is connected to the gearbox 2 and the gearbox 2 is further connected. the drive wheels 6 of the vehicle 1 via a cardan shaft 9. The drive wheels 6 are provided with braking devices 7 for braking the vehicle 1.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic side view of a hybrid driveline 3 with a gearbox 2, which comprises an input shaft 8, a first and a second planetary shaft 10, respectively. 12, a first and second electric machine 14 resp. 16, a side shaft 18 and an output shaft 20. The first planetary shaft 10 has a first ring gear 22 to which a first rotor 24 of the first electric machine 14 is 9 connected. The first planetary gear 10 also has a first sun gear 26. The second planetary gear 12 has a second ring gear 28 to which a second rotor 30 of the second electric machine 16 is connected. The second planetary gear 12 has a second sun gear 32. The first and second sun wheels 26 resp. 32 are arranged coaxially, which according to the embodiment shown means that a first main shaft 34 arranged on the first sun gear 26 extends inside a second main shaft 36 arranged on the second sun wheel 32, which is provided with a central housing 38. It is also possible to arrange the first and second sun wheels 26 resp. 32 and also the first main shaft 34 and the second main shaft 36 parallel to and adjacent to each other.
The first electric machine 14 is provided with a first stator 40, which is connected to the vehicle 1, via a gear housing 42 surrounding the gearbox 2. The second electric machine 16 is provided with a second stator 44, which is connected to the vehicle 1 , via the gear housing 42 surrounding the gearbox 2. The first and second electrical machines 16 are connected to an energy storage 46, such as a battery, which, depending on the operating condition of the vehicle 1, drives the electrical machines 14 and 14, respectively. 16. In other operating conditions, the electrical machines 14 resp. 16 operate as generators, whereby power is supplied to the energy storage 46. An electronic control unit 48 is connected to the energy storage 46 and controls the power supply to the electrical machines 14 resp. 16. Preferably, the energy storage 46 is connected to the electrical machines 14 resp. 16 via a switch 49, which is connected to the control unit 48. In certain operating cases, the electrical machines 14 resp. 16 also drive each other. Electrical energy is then conducted from one electrical machine 14, 16 to the other electrical machine 14, 16 via the switch 49 connected to the electrical machines 14, 16. This makes it possible to achieve a power balance between the electrical machines 14, 16. Another computer 53 can also be connected to the control unit 48 and the gear clan 2. By conducting electrical energy frail one electrical machine 14, 16 to the other electrical machine 14, 16 via switch 49, electrical energy will not be conducted to and frail the energy storage 46. Thus A condition is created for an increased service life of the energy storage 46. During driving of the vehicle 1, it is possible to select a first and second torque which the electric machines 14, 16 must generate in order to obtain a certain given power in each of the electric machines 14. , 16 where the sum of the output power from the first and second electrical machines 14, 16 becomes zero. The electric machines 14, 16 will thus, during the monitoring of the vehicle 1, alternately supply each other with current. Thereby, the frequency of withdrawal and supply of energy from and to the energy storage 46 decreases, resulting in the life of the energy storage 46.
The first planetary gear 10 is provided with a first planet gear holder 50, on which a first set of planet gears 52 are mounted. The second planetary gear 12 is provided with a second planet gear holder 51, on which a second set of planet gears 54 are mounted. The first set of planet gears 52 cooperates with the first ring gear 22 and the first sun gear 26.
The second set of planet gears 54 cooperates with the second ring gear 28 and the second sun gear 32. The input shaft 8 of the gearshift shaft 2 is connected to the first planet wheel holder 50. The first planet wheel holder 50 of the first planet gear 10 is directly and fixedly connected to the second sun wheel 32 of the second planetary gear 12. Thus, the first planetary gear carrier 50 and the second sun gear 32 will always have the same direction of rotation and the same speed.
A first coupling unit 56 is arranged between the first sun gear 26 and the first planet gear holder 50. By employing the first coupling unit 56, the first sun wheel 22 and the first planet wheel holder 50 are connected to each other and thus can not rotate in relation to each other, the first planet gear carrier 50 and the first sun gear 26 will rotate at equal speeds.
A second coupling unit 58 is arranged between the second sun gear 32 and the second planet gear holder 51. By employing the second coupling unit 58, so that the second sun wheel 32 and the second planet wheel holder 51 are connected to each other and thus can not rotate in relation to each other. the second planet gear holder 51 and the second sun gear 32 to rotate at equal speeds.
Preferably, the first and second coupling units 56, 58 comprise a first and second splined coupling sleeve 55 and 55, respectively. 57, which is axially displaceable on one with the first resp. second planetary gear carrier 50 resp. 51 splines-intended part and on one with resp. sun wheel 26 resp. 32 splines intention party. By shifting resp. coupling sleeve 55, 57, so that the splined portions are connected via resp. coupling sleeve 55, 57 becomes the first planet gear holder 50 and the first sun gear 26 resp. the second planet gear carrier 51 and the second sun gear 32 are embedded in load with each other and cannot rotate in relation to each other.
The first and second clutch units 56, 58 according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 are arranged between the first sun gear 26 and the first planet gear holder 50 and 50, respectively. between the second sun gear 28 and the second planet gear holder 51. However, it is possible to arrange an additional or alternative coupling unit (not shown) between the first ring wheel 22 and the first planet wheel holder 50, and also to arrange an additional or alternative coupling unit (not shown) between the second ring gear 28 and the second planet gear holder 51.
A third clutch unit 59 is in this embodiment arranged between the first ring gear 22 and the gear housing 42. By fitting the third clutch unit 59, sh so that the first ring gear 22 and the gear housing 42 are connected to each other and thus can not rotate in relation to each other, a downshifting of torque takes place, that is to say an upshifting of the speed takes place from the planet gear holder 50 to the first sun gear 26.
A fourth clutch unit 61 is in this embodiment arranged between the second ring gear 28 and the gear housing 42. By fitting the fourth clutch unit 61, so that the second ring gear 28 and the gear housing 42 are connected to each other and thus can not rotate in relation to each other, downshifting will occur. of torque takes place, that is to say an upshift of the speed takes place from the planet gear holder 50 to the second sun gear 32.
Preferably, the third and fourth coupling units 59, 61 comprise a third and fourth splined coupling sleeve 65 and 65, respectively. 67, which is axially displaceable on one with the first resp. second ring wheel 22 resp. 28 splintered portion and on one with the gear housing 42 splined portion. By shifting resp. coupling sleeve 65, 67, so that the splined portions are connected via resp. coupling sleeve 65, 67 becomes the first ring wheel 22 and the gear housing 42 resp. the second ring gear 28 and the gear housing 42 are embedded in load with each other and cannot rotate in relation to each other.
Connected to the first and second main shafts 34, 36 is a transmission device 19, which comprises a first gear pair 60, which is arranged between the first planetary gear 10 and the output shaft 20. The first gear pair 60 comprises a first gear 6 and a first gear 64. , which dr in engagement with each other. A second gear pair 66 is arranged between the second planetary gear 12 and the output shaft 20. The second gear pair 66 comprises a second gear drive 68 and a second gear 70, which are engaged with each other. A third gear pair 72 is arranged between the first planetary gear 10 and the output shaft 20. The third gear pair 72 comprises a third gear gear 74 and a third gear 76, which gear engage each other. A fourth gear pair 78 is arranged between the second planetary gear shaft 12 and 12 the output shaft 20. The fourth gear pair 78 comprises a fourth gear gear 80 and a fourth gear 82, which are in engagement with each other.
On the first main shaft 34, the first and third gear gears 62 and 62, respectively. 74 arranged.
The first and third gears 62 and 62, respectively. 74 are fixedly connected to the first main shaft 34 so that they cannot rotate in relation to the first main shaft 34. On the second main shaft 36, the second and fourth gear gears 68 and 68, respectively. 80 arranged. The second and fourth gear gears 68, respectively. 80 are fixedly connected to the second main shaft 36, so that they cannot rotate in relation to the second main shaft 36.
The side shaft 18 extends substantially parallel to the first and second main shafts 34 and 34, respectively. 36. On the side shaft 18, the first, second, third and fourth gears 64, 70, 76 and 76, respectively. 82 stored arranged. The first gear 62 engages the first gear 64, the second gear 68 engages the second gear 70, the third gear 74 engages the third gear 76 and the fourth gear 80 engages the fourth gear 82.
The first, second, third and fourth gears 64, 70, 76 resp. 82 can be individually locked and disengaged on the side shaft 18 by means of first, second, third and fourth coupling elements 84, 86, 88 and 88, respectively. 90. Coupling elements 84, 86, 88 resp. 90 is preferably formed on the gears 64, 70, 76 resp. 82 and the side shaft 18 are formed with splined portions which cooperate with fifth and sixth coupling sleeves 83, 85, which mechanically engage with the splined portions of respective first to fourth gears 64, 70, 76 and 76, respectively. 82 and the side shaft 18. The first and third coupling elements 84, 88 are preferably provided with a common coupling sleeve 83 and the second and fourth coupling elements 86, 90 are preferably provided with a common coupling sleeve 85. In the disengaged joint a relative rotation may occur. between the gears 64, 70, 76 resp. 82 and the side shaft 18. The coupling elements 84, 86, 88 resp. 90 can also consist of friction couplings. a fifth gear 92 is also arranged on the side shaft 18, which engages with a sixth gear 94, which is arranged on the output shaft 20 of the gearbox 2.
The side shaft 18 is arranged between the respective first and second planetary shaft 10, 12 and the output shaft 20, so that the side shaft 18 is connected to the output shaft 20 via a fifth 13 gear pair 21, which includes the fifth and sixth gears 92, 94. the fifth gear 92 can be coupled and disengaged on the side shaft 18 by means of a fifth coupling element 93.
By disengaging the fifth gear 92 disengageable with the side shaft 18, it becomes possible to transmit torque from the second planetary shaft 12 to the side shaft 18 via the second gear pair 66 and to further transmit torque from the side shaft 18 to the output shaft 20. the gear pair 60. Thereby a number of gear steps are obtained, where moments from one planetary shaft 10, 12 can be transmitted to the side shaft 18 and further from the side shaft 18 to the main shaft 34, 36 connected to the other planetary shaft 10, 12 to finally transmit torque to the gear shaft 2 output shaft 20. This presupposes, however, that a coupling mechanism 96 arranged between the first main shaft 34 and the output shaft 20 is coupled, which will be described in more detail below.
The fifth gear 92 can be locked and disengaged on the side shaft 18 by means of a fifth coupling element 93. The coupling element 93 is preferably formed by spline-provided portions formed on the fifth gear 92 and the side shaft 18, which cooperate with a ninth coupling sleeve 87 which engages the spline sleeve 87. the portions of the fifth gear 92 and the side shaft 18. In the disengaged layer, a relative rotation may occur between the fifth gear 92 and the side shaft 18. The fifth coupling element 93 may also be formed by friction couplings.
In a number of gear cases, when the ring gears of the planetary gears 10, 12 are fixed to the gear housing 42 by means of the third and fourth clutch units 59, 61, the torque will be downshifted after the first planetary gear 10 and geared up after the second planetary gear 12. When the torque transmission over the first the main shaft 34 via the side shaft 18 decreases after the first planetary gear 10, thrall coupled shafts, gears and gears can be dimensioned smaller. which makes the gearbox 2 more compact. A large number of gear steps can also be obtained without a number of additional gear pairs having to be arranged in the gearbox. This also reduces the weight and cost of the gearbox dance 2. The fifth and sixth gears 92 resp. 94 will function as a fifth gear pair 21, which at certain shifting steps gears up the torque to the output shaft 20 output shaft 2.
Torque transmission from the input shaft 8 of the gearbox 2 to the output shaft 20 of the gearbox 2 can take place via the first or the second planetary gear 10 or 12 and the side shaft 18. The torque transmission can also take place directly via the first planetary shaft 10, the first sun gear 26 via the first main shaft 34 is connected to the output shaft 20 output shaft 2 via a coupling mechanism 96. The coupling mechanism 96 preferably comprises a splined seventh coupling sleeve 100. which is axially displaceable on the first major shaft 34 and the output shaft 20 splined portions. By displacing the seventh coupling sleeve 100, so that the splined portions are connected via the seventh coupling sleeve 100, the first main shaft 34 is fixed to the output shaft 20, which upon rotation will thus have the same speed. By disengaging the fifth gear pair 21 of the fifth gear pair 21 from the side shaft 18, torque from the second planetary shaft 12 can be transmitted to the side shaft 18 and further from the side shaft 18 to the first main shaft 34 connected to the first planetary shaft 10 to finally transmit torque to the gear shaft 96 via the clutch mechanism 96. .dans 2 output shaft 20.
During certain operating cases, vaxella.dan 2 can work so that one of the sun wheels 26 resp. 32 is read against the first resp. second planetary gear carrier 50 resp. 51 with the help of the first resp. second coupling unit 56 resp. 58. The first resp. second main shaft 34 resp. 36 then receives the same speed as the input shaft 8 of the gearbox 2, depending on which sun gear 26 resp. 32, which is determined by resp. planetary gear rack 50 resp. 51. One or both of the electric machines 14 resp. 16 can operate as a generator to generate electrical energy for the energy storage 46. Alternatively, the electrical machine 14 resp. 16 provide a torque supplement in order to increase the torque of the output shaft 20. During certain operating conditions, the electric machines 14 resp. 16 to supply each other with electrical energy, independent of the energy storage 46.
During certain operating cases, the gearbox 2 can also operate so that one of the rotors 24 resp. 30 of the electrical machines 14 resp. 16 is welded to the gear housing 42 via the ring wheels 22 resp. 28 while the second electric machine 14 resp. 16 operates as a generator to generate electrical energy for the energy storage 46, which will be explained in more detail below. The electric machine 14 resp. 16 whose rotor 24 resp. Is fixed with the gear housing 42 occupies a reaction moment frail the ring wheel 22 resp. 28 said that torque equilibrium rows before the welding is performed with the help of the third resp. fourth coupling unit 59 resp. 61. Instead of working as a generator, the electric machine 14 resp. 16 provide a torque supplement so as to increase the torque of the output shaft 20. Torque balance includes both a torque-free condition and a counter-torque for the clutch unit 59, 61 to be continued in a state when it does not Over-for torque between the ring gear 22, 28 and the gear housing 42.
It is also possible to bathe the first and second electric machine 14 resp. 16 simultaneously generates power to the energy storage 46. During engine braking, the driver releases the vehicle's accelerator pedal (not shown). The output shaft 20 of the shaft load 2 then drives one or both of the electric machines 14 resp. 16 at the same time as the internal combustion engine 4 and the electric machines 14 resp. 16 engine brakes. The electric machines 14 resp. 16 generates has electrical energy stored in the energy storage 46 in the vehicle 1. This operating condition is called regenerative braking. In order to enable more powerful braking action, the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 can be locked and thus prevented from rotating. Thus, only one or the two electric machines 14 resp. 16 to act as a brake and 16 to generate electrical energy, which is stored in the energy storage 46. The welding of the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 can also be performed when the vehicle is to be accelerated by only one or both electric machines 14 resp. 16. If one or both of the two electric machines 14 resp. 16 torques overcome the torques of the internal combustion engine 4 and with regard to the gear ratio between them, the internal combustion engine 4 will not be able to withstand the large torque that the electric machines 14 resp. 16, for which purpose a welding of the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 becomes necessary. The welding of the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 is preferably performed with a welding device 102, which is arranged between the first planet gear holder 50 and the gear housing 42. By welding the first planet wheel holder 50 and the gear housing 42 will also be. the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 is to be welded because the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 is connected to the first planetary gear holder 50 via the input shaft 8 of the gearbox. party as well as on a party with a splice housing splined. By displacing the eighth coupling sleeve 104, so that the splined portions are connected via the coupling sleeve 104, the first planetary gear holder 50 and thus the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 are prevented from rotating.
The control unit 48 is connected to the electrical machines 14 resp. 16 and is adapted to control the electrical machines 14 resp. 16 said that in certain applicable operating conditions they use stored electrical energy to supply driving force to the output shaft 20 of the gearbox 2 and in other operating cases they use the kinetic energy of the output shaft 20 of the output shaft 2 to extract and store electrical energy. The control unit 48 thus senses the speed and / or torque of the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 via sensors 98 arranged at the electrical machines 14 and 14, respectively. 16 and the shaft 20 emanating from the gearbox 2 to thereby obtain information and 16 control the electrical machines 14 resp. 16 to work as electric motors or generators. The controller 48 may be a computer with appropriate software for this purpose. The control unit 48 also controls the flow of electrical energy between the energy storage 46 and resp. stator 40 resp. 44 of the electrical machines 14 resp. 16. In the event that the electrical machines 14 resp. 16 works as a motor for stored electrical energy from the energy storage 46 to resp. stator 40 resp. 44. In cases where the electric machines 14 resp. 16 works as a generator supplied with electrical energy frail resp. stator 40 resp. 44 to the energy storage 46. However, as mentioned above, the electrical machines 14 resp. 16 in certain operating cases supply each other with electrical energy, independent of the energy storage 46.
The first, second, third and fourth switching units 56, 58, 59 and 61, the first, second, third, fourth and fifth coupling elements 84, 86, 88, 90 resp. 93, the coupling mechanism 96 between the first main shaft 34 and the output shaft 20, and the locking device 102 between the first planetary gear holder 50 and the gear housing 42 are connected via their respective coupling sleeves to the control unit 48. These components are preferably activated and deactivated by electrical signals from the control unit 48. preferably displaced by power means (not shown), such as hydraulically or pneumatically driven cylinders. It is also possible to displace the coupling sleeves with electrically driven power means.
According to the exemplary embodiment in Fig. 2, four gear gears 62, 68, 74 and 80 and four gears 64, 70, 76 respectively. 82 and two planetary gears 10 resp. 12 with associated electrical machines 14 resp. 16. However, it is possible to design gear clan 2 with more or fewer gear gears and gears and with more planetary gears with associated electric machines.
In the following, an upshift from the first to the highest gear is described when the gear shaft 2 is arranged in a vehicle 1. The input shaft 8 of the gearbox 2 is connected to the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 of the vehicle 1. 2 output shaft 20 is connected to a drive shaft 99 of the vehicle 1. When the combustion engine 4 is idling and when the vehicle 1 is stationary, the input shaft 8 of the gearbox 2 rotates while the output shaft 20 of the gearbox 2 is stationary. The welding device 102 is deactivated so that the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 can rotate freely. As the input shaft 8 of the gearbox 2 rotates, the first planet gear holder 50 will also rotate, which means that the first set of planet wheels 52 will rotate. Since the first planet wheel holder 50 is connected to the second sun wheel 32, the second sun wheel 32 and thus also the second set of planet wheels 54 will rotate. By not supplying power to or withdrawing power from the first and second electrical machines 14 resp. 16, the first and second ring wheels 22 and 28, which are connected with resp. first and second rotor 24 resp. 30 at resp. electric machine 14 resp. 16 to rotate freely. whereby no torque is absorbed by the ring gear 22 resp. 28. The first, second, third and fourth coupling units 56, 58, 59 resp. 61 are disconnected and thus not employed. Thus, no torque will be transmitted from the internal combustion engine 4 to the planetary shafts 10 and 10, respectively. 12 sun wheels 26 resp. 32. The coupling mechanism 96 between the first major shaft 34 and the output shaft 20 is disengaged so that the first major shaft 34 and the output shaft 20 can rotate freely in relation to each other.
Since the sun wheels 26 resp. 32 and the output shaft 20 of the gearbox 2 is stationary at this stage, the side shaft 18 is also stationary. In a first step, the fourth gear 82 and the third gear 76 are coupled to the side shaft 18 by means of the fourth and third coupling elements 88 and 88, respectively. 90. The first gear 64 and the second gear 70 are disengaged from the side shaft 18. This allows the first gear 64 and the second gear 70 to rotate freely in relation to and the side shaft 18. The fifth gear 92 of the fifth gear pair 21 is fasten the pH side shaft 18 by means of the fifth coupling element 93.
In order to start the rotation of the shaft 20 outgoing shaft 2 for the purpose of driving the vehicle 1, the fourth gear gear 80 and the fourth gear 82 on the side shaft 18 must be caused to rotate.
This is accomplished by rotating the second planet gear holder 51. When the second planet gear carrier rotates, the second main shaft 36 will also rotate, and thus the fourth gear gear 80, which is arranged on the second main shaft 36, is also rotated. The second planet gear carrier 51 is caused to rotate by the second ring gear 28 being controlled by the second electric machine. 16. By activating the second electric machine 16 and controlling the internal combustion engine 4 to a suitable speed, the vehicle 1 begins to move by the second main shaft 36 starting to rotate. When the second planet gear holder 51 and the second sun gear 32 reach the same speed, the second sun gear 32 is fixed to the second planet wheel holder 51 by means of the second clutch unit 58. As mentioned above, the second clutch unit 58 is preferably designed so that the second sun wheel 32 and the second the planet gear holder 51 mechanically engages with each other. Alternatively, the second clutch unit 58 may be formed as a slip brake or a disc clutch which softly connects the second sun gear 32 to the second planet wheel holder 51. When the second sun wheel 32 is connected to the second planet wheel holder 51, the second planet wheel holder 51 will rotate at the same speed as the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4. Thereby 18 the torque generated by the internal combustion engine 4 is transmitted to the output shaft 20 of the gearbox 2 via the fourth gear 80, the fourth gear 82 on the side shaft 18, the fifth gear the gear shaft 18 and the gear 92 94 on the output shaft 20 of the gearbox 2, the vehicle 1 will thus begin to move and be propelled by the first gear.
The first, second, third and fourth gear pairs 60, 66, 72, 78 each have a gear ratio which is adapted to the desired driving characteristics of the vehicle 1. According to the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the fourth gear pair 78 has the highest gear ratio in comparison with the first, second and third gear pairs 60, 66, 72, which means that the fourth gear pair 78 is engaged when the lowest gear is engaged. The second gear pair 66 opposite, like the fourth gear pair 78, is torqueed between the second main shaft 36 and the side shaft 18, and could instead be made with the highest gear ratio compared to other gear pairs 60, 72, 78, for which in such an embodiment it the second gear pair 66 would be engaged when the lowest gear is engaged.
When the side shaft 18 is caused to rotate by the fourth gear 82 on the side shaft 18, the third gear 76 on the side shaft 18 will also rotate. Thus, the side shaft 18 drives the third gear 76, which in turn drives the third gear 74 on the first main shaft 34. When the first main shaft 34 rotates, the first sun gear 26 will also rotate, as a result, depending on the speed of the internal combustion engine 4 output shaft. 97 and thus the variety of the first planet gear holder 50, will cause the first ring gear 22 and the first rotor 24 of the first electric machine 14 to rotate. In this case, it is possible to allow the first electrical machine 14 to operate as a generator in order to supply power to the energy storage 46 and / or to supply power to the second electrical machine 16. It is also possible for the second electrical machine 16 to be operated as a generator. Alternatively, the first electric machine 14 may deliver a torque supplement by the control unit 48 controlling the first electric machine 14 to provide propulsive torque.
To shift from the first gear to the second gear, the loading between the second sun gear 32 and the second planet gear holder 51 must cease, which is accomplished by controlling the first and / or the second electric machine 14, 16 so that torque balance lines in the second planetary gear Then, the second clutch assembly 58 is controlled to release the second sun gear 32 and the second planet gear holder 51 apart. The second planet carrier 51 and also the second main shaft 36 can rotate freely, which means that the second sun gear 32, the second planet carrier 51 and the second main shaft 36 no longer drive the fourth gear gear 80 arranged on the second main shaft 36. This presupposes that the the second electric machine 16 does not drive the second ring gear 28. The second gear is engaged by the control unit 48 controlling the internal combustion engine 4, so that a synchronous speed occurs between the first planet gear holder 50 and the first sun gear 26, to provide a load between the first the planet gear carrier 50 and the first sun gear 26. This is accomplished by controlling the first clutch assembly 56 so that the first planet gear carrier 50 and the first sun gear 26 are mechanically connected to each other. Alternatively, the first clutch unit 56 may be formed as a slip brake or a disc clutch which softly connects the first sun gear 26 to the first planet gear carrier 50. By synchronizing the control of the internal combustion engine 4 and the second and first electric machines 14 and 14, respectively. 16, a smooth and uninterrupted transition from the first to the second gear can be performed.
The first main shaft 34 now rotates and is driven by the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 and the first main shaft 34 now drives the third gear drive 74. The first planetary gear holder 50 now drives the third gear drive 74 via the first sun gear 26 the first main shaft 34. Since it the third gear 76 engages the third gear 74 and is engaged with the side shaft 18, the third gear 76 will drive the side shaft 18, which in turn drives the fifth gear 92 on the side shaft 18. The fifth gear 92 in turn drives the gear shaft 2 output shaft 20 via the sixth gear 94, which is arranged on the output shaft 20 of the gear shaft 2. The vehicle 1 is now propelled by the second gear.
When the side shaft 18 is caused to rotate by the third gear 76, the fourth gear 82 will also rotate. Thus, the side shaft 18 drives the fourth gear 82, which in turn drives the fourth gear 80 on the second main shaft 36. As the second main shaft 36 rotates, the second planet gear holder 51 will also rotate, thus, depending on the speed of the output shaft of the internal combustion engine 4. 97 and thus the speed of the first planet gear holder 50, will cause the second ring gear 28 and the second rotor 30 of the second electric machine 16 to rotate. In this case, it is possible to allow the second electrical machine 16 to operate as a generator to supply electricity to the energy storage 46 and / or to supply the first electrical machine 14 with electricity. The second electric machine 16 can also deliver a torque supplement by the control unit 48 controlling the second electric machine 16 to provide propulsive torque.
To shift from the second gear to the third gear, the fourth gear 82 on the side shaft 18 must be disengaged from the side shaft 18 with the fourth clutch member 90 so that the fourth gear 82 can rotate freely in relation to the side shaft 18. Thereafter, the side shaft 18 is coupled to the the second gear 70 on the side shaft 18 through the second coupling element 86. In order to effect a coupling of the side shaft 18 and the second gear 70 on the side shaft 18, the second electric machine 16 is preferably controlled so that a synchronous number of turns occurs between the side shaft 18 and the second gear 70 on the side shaft 18. A synchronous speed can be achieved by measuring the speed of the second rotor 30 of the second electric machine 16 and measuring the speed of the output shaft 20. Thus, the speed of the second main shaft 36 and the speed of the side shaft 18 can be determined by given gear ratios. The speed of the respective shafts 18, 36 is controlled and when a synchronous speed has arisen between the side shaft 18 and the second gear 70, the side shaft 18 and the second gear 70 are connected by means of the second coupling element 86.
To carry out the shift from the second gear to the third gear, the loading between the first sun gear 26 and the first planet gear holder 50 must cease, which is achieved by controlling the first and / or second electric machine 14, 16 so that torque balance is created in the the first planetary gear 10, after which the first clutch unit 56 is controlled so that it releases the first sun gear 26 and the first planet gear holder 50 from each other. Thereafter, the internal combustion engine 4 is controlled so that a synchronous speed occurs between the second sun gear 32 and the second planet gear holder 51, so that the second coupling unit 58 can be engaged so as to thereby connect the coupling sleeve 57 to the second sun wheel 32 with the second planter wheel holder 51. synchronize the control of the internal combustion engine 2 and the second and first electric machine 14 resp. 16, a smooth and uninterrupted transition from the second to the third gear can be performed.
The third gear 76 is released by controlling the first electric machine 14, so that a torqueless state arises between the side shaft 18 and the third gear 76. When a torqueless state arises, the third gear 76 is released from the side shaft 18 by controlling the third coupling element 88. so that it releases the third gear 76 from the side shaft 18. Thereafter, the first electric machine 14 is controlled so that a synchronous speed occurs between the side shaft 18 and the first gear 64. When a synchronous speed occurs, the first gear 64 on the side shaft 18 is connected by the first coupling element 84 is controlled so that it engages the first gear 64 on the side shaft 18. A synchronous 21 speed can be determined by measuring the speed of the first rotor 24 of the first electric machine 14 and measuring the speed of the output shaft 20, after which the speeds of the shafts 18, 34 is controlled so that a synchronous speed arises. Thus, the speed of the first main shaft 34 and the speed of the side shaft 18 can be determined by given gear ratios.
The second main shaft 36 now rotates at the same speed as the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 and the second main shaft 36 now drives the second gear gear 68 via the second main shaft 36. Since the second gear 70 engages the second gear gear 68 and is coupled to the side shaft 18, the second gear 70 will drive the side shaft 18, which in turn drives the fifth gear 92 on the side shaft 18. The fifth gear 92 in turn drives the output shaft 20 of the gearbox 2 via the sixth gear 94, which is arranged on the output of the gearbox 2. axle 20. Vehicle 1 is now propelled by the third gear.
When the side shaft 18 is caused to rotate by the second gear 70 on the side shaft 18, the first gear 64 on the side shaft 18 will also rotate. Thus, the side shaft 18 drives the first gear 64, which in turn drives the first gear 62 on the first main shaft 34. As the first main shaft 34 rotates, the first sun gear 26 will also rotate, as a result, depending on the speed of the internal combustion engine 4 output shaft. 97 and thus the variety of the first planet gear holder 50, will cause the first ring gear 22 and the first rotor 24 of the second electric machine 16 to rotate. In this case, it is possible to allow the first electric machine 14 to operate as a generator to supply power to the energy storage 46 and / or to supply the second electric machine 16 with power. Alternatively, the first electric machine 14 can deliver a torque addition by the control unit 48 controls the first electric machine 14 to provide propulsive torque.
In order to carry out the shifting from the third gear to the fourth gear, the loading between the second sun gear 32 and the second planet gear holder 51 must cease, which is achieved by controlling the first and / or the second electric machine 14, 16 so that torque balance is created in the second the planetary gear 12, after which the second clutch unit 58 is controlled, so that it releases the second sun gear 32 and the second planet gear holder 51 from each other. Then the first ring gear 22 is braked and when the first ring wheel 22 is stationary the third clutch unit 59 is controlled, so that the first ring wheel 22 is connected and connected to the gear housing 42. By synchronizing the control of the internal combustion engine 4 and the first and 22 second electric machine 14 respectively . 16, a smooth and uninterrupted transition from the third to the fourth gear can be performed.
The first main shaft 34 is now driven by the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 and the first main shaft 34 now drives the first gear 62. Since the first gear 64 is engaged with the first gear 62 and is engaged with the side shaft 18, the first gear 64 will the side shaft 18, which in turn drives the fifth gear 92 on the side shaft 18. The fifth gear 92 in turn drives the output shaft 20 of the gearbox 2 via the sixth gear 94, which is arranged on the output shaft 20 of the gearbox 2, the vehicle 1 is now propelled by the fourth gear.
When the side shaft 18 is caused to rotate by the first gear 64, the second gear 70 on the side shaft 18 will also rotate. Thereby, the side shaft 18 drives the second gear 70, which in turn drives the second gear gear 68 on the second main shaft 36. As the second main shaft 36 rotates, the life of the second planet gear holder 51 will rotate, as a result, depending on the speed of the internal combustion engine 4 output shaft. 97 and thus the speed of the first planet gear holder 50, will cause the second sun gear 32 and the second rotor 28 of the second electric machine 16 to rotate. In this case it is possible to allow the second electrical machine 16 to operate as a generator in order to supply electricity to the energy storage 46 and / or to supply the first electrical machine 14 with electricity. Alternatively, the second electrical machine 16 may deliver a torque supplement by the controller 48 controlling the second electrical machine 16 to provide accelerating torque.
To shift from the fourth gear to the fifth gear, the first electric machine 14 is controlled so that the torque equilibrium father between the first ring gear 22 and the gear housing 42. When the torque equilibrium father arises between the first ring gear 22 and the gear housing 42, the third clutch unit 59 is controlled. that the first ring gear 22 is disengaged from the gear housing 42. Thereafter, the first electric machine 14 is controlled so that a torqueless state arises between the side shaft 18 and the first gear 64. When a torqueless state arises between the side shaft 18 and the first gear 64, the first coupling element is controlled 84, said that the first gear 64 is disengaged from the side shaft 18. Thus, the fourth gear has been disengaged. To engage the fifth gear, the first electric machine 14 is controlled so that a synchronous speed occurs between the first main shaft 34 and the output shaft 20. When a synchronous speed occurs between the first main shaft 34 and the output shaft 20, the clutch mechanism is controlled 96 said that the first major shaft 34 and the output shaft 20 are interconnected and connected to each other. Further, the first electric machine 14 is controlled so that a torqueless state arises between the side shaft 18 and the fifth gear 92 of the fifth gear pair 21. When a torqueless state arises between the side shaft 18 and the fifth gear 92, the fifth clutch member 93 is controlled, so that the fifth the gear 92 is disengaged from the side shaft 18. Thereafter, the first electric machine 14 is controlled so that a synchronous speed occurs between the side shaft 18 and the first gear 64. When a synchronous speed occurs between the side shaft 18 and the first gear 64, the coupling element 84 is controlled so that The gear 64 is engaged and connected to the side shaft 18. Finally, the internal combustion engine 4 is controlled so that the second ring gear 28 becomes stationary in relation to the gear housing 42. When the second ring gear 28 is stationary, the fourth clutch unit 61 is controlled so that the second ring gear 28 is engaged and locked with the gearbox housing 42. Thus, the vehicle 1 is now propelled by the fifth e vaxeln.
When the fifth gear is engaged, the torque from the internal combustion engine 4 will pass the first and second planet gear carriers 50, 51 and be transmitted from the second main shaft 36 via the second gear pair 66 to the side shaft 18 and further via the first gear pair 60 to the first main shaft 34 to then transmitted via the clutch mechanism 96 to the output shaft 20.
To shift from the fifth gear to the sixth gear, the second electric machine 16 is controlled so that torque equilibrium races between the second ring gear 28 and the gear housing 42. When torque equilibrium lines between the second ring gear 28 and the gear housing 42, the fourth clutch unit 61 is controlled so that the second ring gear 28 is disengaged from the gear housing 42. Thereafter, the internal combustion engine 4 is controlled so that a synchronous speed occurs between the first sun gear 26 and the first planet gear holder 50. When a synchronous speed occurs between the first sun wheel 26 and the first planet wheel holder coupling unit 56, the so that the first sun gear 26 is connected and connected to the first planet gear holder 50. Furthermore, the first electric machine 16 is controlled, so that a torque-free state arises between the side shaft 18 and the first gear 64. When a torque-free state arises between the side shaft 18 and the first gear 64 the coupling element 84 is controlled so that it the first gear 64 is disengaged from the side shaft 18. Finally, the second electric machine 16 is controlled so that a synchronous speed occurs between the side shaft 18 and the third gear 76. When a synchronous speed occurs between the side shaft 18 and the third gear 76, the clutch element 88 is controlled said that the third gear 76 is engaged and locked with the side axle 18. Thereby the vehicle 1 is now propelled with the sixth gear.
When the sixth gear is engaged, the torque from the internal combustion engine 4 will be transmitted from the first planet gear carrier 50 to the first sun gear 26 and further to the first main shaft 34 to then be transmitted via the clutch mechanism 96 to the output shaft 20.
To shift from the sixth gear to the seventh gear, the first and / or the second electric machine 14, 16 is controlled so that torque balance races in the second planetary gear 12. When torque balance lines in the second planetary gear 12, the first clutch unit 56 is controlled so that the first sun gear 26 is disengaged from the first planet gear holder 50. Thereafter, the internal combustion engine 4 is controlled so that a synchronous speed occurs between the second sun wheel 32 and the second planet wheel holder 51. When a synchronous speed occurs between the second sun wheel 32 and the second planet wheel hall 51 the second clutch unit 58 said that the second sun gear 32 is connected and connected to the second planet gear carrier 51. Thus, the vehicle 1 is now propelled by the seventh gear.
When the seventh gear is engaged, the torque from the internal combustion engine 4 will pass the first planet gear carrier 50 and on to the second main shaft 36. Thereafter, the torque from the second main shaft 36 is transmitted via the second gear pair 66 to the side shaft 18 and further via the third gear pair 72 to the first major shaft 34 to be subsequently transmitted via the clutch mechanism 96 to the output shaft 20.
According to the embodiment above, it is stated that the gearbox 2 comprises on main shafts 34, 36 resp. side shafts 18 provide gear gears 62, 68, 74, 80 and gears 64, 70, 76, 82 to transmit speed and torque. However, it is possible to use another type of transmission, such as chain and belt transmissions to transmit speeds and torques in the gearbox 2.
According to the exemplary embodiment above, the transmission device 19 has four gear pairs 60, 66, 72, 78. However, the transmission device 19 may comprise any number of gear pairs.
According to Fig. 3, the hybrid driveline 3 according to Fig. 2 is illustrated in a simplified view where certain components have been excluded for the sake of clarity. G1 in Fig. 3 is constituted by at least one gear pair connected to the first main shaft 34 and below the first planetary shaft 10 and G2 is constituted by at least one gear pair connected to the second main shaft 36 and thus the second planetary shaft 12. These gear pairs G1, G2 are also connected to the output shaft 20 via the side shaft 18. G1 and G2, respectively, may be one or more gear pairs. The gear pair G1 connected to the first planetary gear 10 may, for example, be the first gear pair 60 and / or the third gear pair 72, as described in Fig. 2. The gear pair 02 connected to the second planetary gear 12 may be, for example, the second gear pair 66 and / or the fourth gear pair 78, as described in Fig. 2. Furthermore, at least one gear pair G3 connected to the output shaft 20 and the side shaft 18 is shown, which may be the fifth gear pair 21, which is described in Fig. 2. G3 may consist of one or more gear pairs.
The at least one pair of gears G1, 60, 72 connected to the first planetary gear 10 comprises at least one geared gear 62, 74 and gear 64, 76 arranged in engagement with each other, which gear gear 62, 74 can be connectably and disengageably arranged thereon with the first gear. the at least one gear 64, 76 may be connectably and disengageably mounted on the side shaft 18.
The at least one pair of gears G2, 66, 78 connected to the second planetary gear 12 comprises at least one geared gear 68, 80 and gears 70, 82 arranged in engagement with each other, which gear gear 68, 80 can be coupled and disengaged thereon with the first gear. the at least one gear 70, 82 can be coupled and disengageable on the side shaft 18.
In Fig. 3, the third and fourth switching units 59 and 61 have been omitted. According to this embodiment of the invention, it will be possible to drive the vehicle in a number of operating conditions and driving conditions. As an example, the shift from one gear to another gear should be described. Components shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are used to describe the shifting process. A gear is engaged when the first clutch unit 56 is engaged and thus the first sun gear 26 arranged at the first planetary gear 10 and the first planetary gear holder 50 are interconnected with each other at the same time as the second clutch unit 58 is disengaged and thus disengages the second planetary gear 12 provided. the sun gear 32 and the second planet gear holder 51 apart. At this gear, the first main shaft 34 is driven by the output shaft 97 of the internal combustion engine 4 and, if necessary, the first electric machine 10, which means that the first main shaft 34 drives the first gear 62. Since the first gear 64 is engaged with the first gear 62 and is coupled to the side shaft 18 via the 26 first coupling element 84, the first gear 64 will drive the side shaft 18, which in turn drives the fifth gear 92 on the side shaft 18. The fifth gear 92 in turn drives the output shaft 20 of the gear shaft 2 via the sixth the gear 94, which is arranged on the output shaft 20 of the gear shaft 2.
To shift to an adjacent gear, the second electric machine 16 is controlled so that the driving torque takes place via the second main shaft 36 and through the second gear pair 66, where the second gear 70 of the second gear pair 66 is coupled to the side shaft 18 by the second coupling element 86. The propulsion moment takes place further through the fifth gear pair 21 and finally to the output shaft 20.
To disengage the first gear 64 from the side shaft 18 so that the fourth gear is disengaged, the internal combustion engine 4 and the first electric machine 14 are first controlled so that the first gear 64 is brought into a torqueless state relative to the side shaft 18. If a mental state has arisen, the first coupling element 84 is forced out of engagement, so that the first gear 64 is disengaged from the side shaft 18.
Thereafter, the speed of the first major shaft 34 is synchronized with the speed of the output shaft 20, after which the clutch mechanism 96 is controlled to interconnect the first major shaft 34 with the output shaft 20.
Thereafter, the internal combustion engine 4 and the first electric machine 14 are controlled so that the propulsion torque takes place via the first main shaft 34 and through the clutch mechanism 96 and on to the output shaft 20. By reducing the propulsion torque from the second electric machine 16, the fifth clutch element 93 can be brought into a torqueless state. in relation to the side shaft 18. When a torqueless condition has arisen, the fifth clutch element 93 is forced out of engagement, so that the fifth gear 92 of the fifth gear pair 21 is disengaged from the side shaft 18.
Then, with the aid of the second electric machine 16, the speed of the side shaft 18 is synchronized with the speed of the third gear 76, after which the third clutch element 88 is controlled so that it connects the third gear 76 to the side shaft 18. When this coupling can be performed the propulsion torque is divided between the internal combustion engine 4, the first electric machine 14 and the second electric machine 16. The torque balance is then created in the first planetary gear 10, after which the first clutch unit 56 disengages the first planetary gear carrier 50 and the first sun gear 26 from each other. Finally, the second planet wheel holder 51 is synchronized with the second sun gear 32, after which the second clutch unit 58 interconnects the second planet wheel holder 51 and the second sun wheel 32 with each other.
The above describes how torque balance arises. By torque balance is meant a state in which a torque acts on a ring gear 22, 28 arranged at the planetary gear 10, 12, corresponding to the product of the torque acting on the planetary gear 10, 12 planetary gear bearers 50, 51 and the planetary gear 10, 12 gear ratio while a torque acts on the planetary gear , 12 sun gears 26, 32, corresponding to the product of the moment acting on the planetary gear carrier 50, 51 and (1-planetary gear ratio). In the event that two of the input parts of the planetary gear 10, 12, sun gears 26, 32, ring wheels 22, 28 or planetary gear carriers 50, 51, are connected by means of a coupling unit 56, 58, opposite this coupling unit 56, 58 no torque between the planetary gear 10, 12 divides ndr torque balance lines. Thereby, the coupling unit 56, 58 can be easily displaced and the input parts of the planetary gear 10, 12 can be disengaged.
As described above, torque is taken from the gearbox 2 from the output shaft 20. It is also possible to take torque directly from the first or second main shaft 34, 36 or directly from the side shaft 18. Torque can also be taken in parallel from two or all three shafts 18, 34, 36 simultaneously.
Embodiments for engaging the vehicle 1 are described below. The third and fourth coupling units 59 and 61 have been excluded, as they are not required for the procedure for engaging the vehicle 1.
To start the vehicle, the internal combustion engine 4 is first started if it has not already been started, after which the first sun gear 26 and the first planet gear holder 50 are disengaged from each other by means of the first clutch unit 56 and the second sun gear 32 and the second planet wheel holder 51 are disengaged from each other by second clutch assembly 58. To transmit torque to the output shaft 20, gears corresponding to the third and fourth gear pairs 72, 78 are engaged by coupling the third and fourth gears 76, 82 to the side shaft 18 to engage the gears. The fifth gear pair 92 of the fifth gear pair 21, which is detachably arranged on the side shaft 18, is fixed to the side shaft 18. Then the first electric machine 14 and the second electric machine 16 are activated, so that the first electric machine 14 rotates in the opposite direction to the second the electric machine 16, which causes a torque to be generated at the output shaft 20. The first electric machine 14 is activated to exert a first torque T1 and the second electric machine 16 is activated to exert a second torque T7, the magnitude of the first and the second torque T1, T, affects the output power P from the first and second electrical machine 14, 16.
Desired torque TD and thus desired torque of the output shaft 20 is created by a combination of torque from the first and second electrical machines 14, 16 according to equations E1 and E1 'below. At the same time, the total power consumed by the first and second electrical machines 14, 16 will vary according to equation E2 below. A given element can thus be produced with different total power consumption. If a certain power consumption is desired, the two equations are combined, the steps of the first and second electric machine 14, 16 being phased from the solution of the two equations E1 and E2 and E1 'and E2, respectively.
In cases where the gear pair G3 connected to the side shaft 18 and the output shaft 20 is engaged and loaded on the side shaft 18 and a coupling mechanism S6, 96 arranged between the first main shaft 34 and the output shaft 20 is open, the desired torque TD is determined at the output of the gear shaft axis 20, also called the driveline torque, by a combination of torques from the first and the second electric machine 14, 16 according to the equation El below: TD = —T1K1 GiG3 + T2 v. 2 1 G2 G3 [El] where T1 is the torque as the the first electric machine 14 emits and T2 is the torque emitted by the second electric machine 16. K1 and K2 are constants, which are determined by the number of teeth on each planetary gear 10. 12 input components. G1 is the gear ratio between the first main shaft 34 and the side shaft 18, G2 is the gear ratio between the second main shaft 36 and the side shaft 18, and G3 is the gear ratio between the side shaft 18 and the output shaft 20, for the selected coupled gear pairs. 29 In cases where the gear pair G3 connected to the side shaft 18 and the output shaft 20 is disengaged, the side shaft 18 and the coupling mechanism, 96 are load and down, the first main shaft 34 and the output shaft 20 are connected, the torque TD of the gear shaft output shaft 20 is determined by the equation E1 'below: TD = —T1K1 + T2K2G12 PE = (TinlT2n2) 267r0 [E2] n1 is the speed of the first electric machine 14 and n2 is the speed of the second electric machine 16.
The total power PE from the electrical machines 14, 16 must, according to the method according to the invention, cancel each other out, so the sum of the power PE becomes zero with regard to the electrical losses of the electrical machines 14,16. said that energy storage 46 will not be used. According to the invention it is possible to select a first and second torque TE T2 which the electric machines are to generate in order to obtain a certain output power of each of the electric machines 14, 16 where the sum of the output power PE from the first and second the electric machine 14, 16 becomes zero. During the carriage, the first electric machine 14 is used to regulate the voltage between the electric machines 14, 16. The second electric machine 16 is controlled to deliver the desired torque T2. This reduces the frequency of extraction and supply of energy from and to the energy storage 46, which results in an increase in the life of the energy storage 46. This also makes it possible to exclude energy storage.
When the second sun gear 32 and the second planet wheel holder 51 rotate with a synchronous speed, the second sun wheel 32 and the second planet wheel holder 51 arranged at the second planetary gear 12 are interconnected by means of the second clutch unit 58, the vehicle 1 being driven only by the internal combustion engine 4.
A method of engaging a vehicle with a hybrid driveline 3 according to the invention, comprises an internal combustion engine 4; a gearbox with an input shaft 8 and an output shaft 20, which internal combustion engine is coupled to the input shaft 8; a first planetary shaft 10, which is coupled to the input shaft 8; a second planetary gear 12, which is coupled to the first planetary gear 10; a first electric machine 14 coupled to the first planetary gear 10; a second electrical machine 16 coupled to the second planetary shaft 12; at least one gear pair G1, 60, 72 connected to the first planetary gear 10 and the output shaft 20; and at least one gear pair G2, 66, 78 connected to the second planetary shaft 12 and the output shaft 20.
Fig. 4 shows a flow chart of a method for engaging the vehicle 1, which comprises the steps: ensuring that the rotatable components 26, 50 of the first planetary gear 10 are disengaged from each other and ensuring that the rotatable components 32, 51 of the second planetary gear 12 are disengaged from each other , ensure that at least one gear is engaged corresponding to the at least one gear pair G1, 60, 72 connected to the first planetary gear 10 and / or the gear pair G2, 66, 78 connected to the second planetary gear 12, and activate the the first electric machine 14 and the second electric machine 16, so that the total emitted electric power from the first and second electric machines 14, 16 is zero and so that a torque is generated at the output shaft 20.
Preferably, in step c), the first electric machine 14 regulates voltage or power between the electric machines 14, 16 at the same time as the second electric machine 16 is controlled to deliver a predetermined torque T2. In the event that an energy storage 46 is not connected to the electric machines 14, 16, the first electric machine will only regulate voltage between the electric machines 14, 16. Preferably, a first coupling unit 56 is disengaged in step a) a first sun wheel arranged at the first planetary gear 10. 26 and a first planetary gear carrier 50 apart; and with a second coupling unit 58 disengage a second sun gear 32 and a second planet wheel holder 51 arranged at the second planetary gear 12 from each other.
Preferably, the internal combustion engine 4 is coupled to the first planet gear carrier 50, which is coupled to the second sun gear 32. Preferably, the at least one gear pair G1, 60, 72 connected to the first planetary gear 10 includes at least one geared gear 62, 74 and gear 62 and 74 engaged together. 76, which gear drive 62, 74 is coupled and disengaged on a first major shaft 34 provided with the first planetary shaft 10 and which gear 64, 76 is coupled and disengaged on a side shaft 18; and the at least one gear pair G2, 66, 78 connected to the second planetary gear 12 comprises at least one geared gear 68, 80 and gears 70, 82, which gear gear 68, 80 is coupling and disengaging center arranged on one with the first the planetary gear shaft 12 is arranged second gear shaft 36 and which gear 70, 82 is coupled and can be coupled to a side shaft 18, wherein in step b) the gear gears 62, 74, 68, 80 are coupled to the main shafts 34, 36 and the gears 64, 76, 70, 82. the side shaft 18 is connected to load the gears.
Preferably, a fifth gear pair G3, 21 is arranged between a side shaft 18 and the output shaft 20 and that the fifth gear pair G3, 21 comprises a fifth gear 92, which is clutchably arranged on the side shaft 18, and that after step c) in a step d ) the fifth gear 92 is fixed on the side axle 18.
Preferably, after step c) and d) in a further step e), with a second coupling unit 58, a second sun gear 32 arranged at the second planetary gear 12 and a second planet wheel holder 51 are connected to each other, the second sun wheel 32 and the second planet wheel holder 51 rotates at a synchronous speed.
Preferably, in step e) the first and second electric machines 14, 16 are activated so that the first electric machine 14 rotates in the opposite direction to the second electric machine 16.
Preferably, in step e) the first electric machine 14 is activated to perform a first moment T1 and the second electric machine 16 is activated to perform a second moment T2, the magnitude of the first and second moments T1, T2 influencing the output P from the first and second electrical machines 14, 16 to the output shaft 20.
According to the invention, a computer program P stored in the control unit 48 and / or the computer 53 is provided, which may comprise routines for driving the vehicle 1. The program P may be stored in an executable manner or in a compressed manner in a mime M and / or in a load. / write memory.
The invention also relates to a computer program product comprising a program code stored on a computer readable medium for performing the above step steps, when said program code is crossed on the control unit 48 or another computer 53 connected to the control unit 48. Said program code may be non-volatile stored on named by a computer 53 weldable medium.
The specified components and features stated above can be combined within the scope of the invention between different specified embodiments. 33

权利要求:
Claims (12)
[1]
A method of engaging a vehicle with a hybrid driveline (3), comprising an internal combustion engine (4); a gearbox having an input shaft (8) and an output shaft (20), the internal combustion engine being coupled to the input shaft (8); a first planetary shaft (10) coupled to the input shaft (8); a second planetary gear (12) coupled to the first planetary gear (10); a first electric machine (14) coupled to the first planetary gear (10); a second electrical machine (16) coupled to the second planetary gear (12); at least one pair of wheels (G 1, 60, 72) connected to the first planetary shaft (10) and the output shaft (20); and at least one pair of gears (G2, 66, 78) connected to the second planetary gear shaft (12) and the output shaft (20), characterized by the steps of: a) ensuring that the rotatable components (22, 26, of the first planetary gear shaft (10) 50) are disengaged from each other and ensure that the rotatable components (28, 32, 51) of the second planetary gear (12) are disengaged from each other. b) ensuring that at least one gear is engaged corresponding to the at least one pair of gears (G1, 60, 72) connected to the first planetary gear (10) and / or the pair of gears (G2, 66) connected to the second planetary gear (12) , 78), and c) actuating the first electric machine (14) and the second electric machine (16), so that the total electrical power emitted from the first and second electric machine (14, 16) is zero and such that a torque generated at the output shaft (20).
[2]
Method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step c) the first electric machine (14) regulates voltage or the power between the electric machines (14, 16) at the same time as the second electric machine (16) is controlled to deliver a predetermined torque (T7).
[3]
Method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that in step a) with a first coupling unit (56) disengaging a first sun gear (26) arranged at the first planetary gear shaft (10) and a first planet gear holder (50) from each other; and with a second coupling unit (58) disengage a second sun gear (32) and a second planet wheel holder (51) arranged at the second planetary gear shaft (12).
[4]
Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the internal combustion engine (4) is coupled to the first planet gear holder (50), which is coupled to the second sun gear (32). 34
[5]
A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one gear pair (G1, 60, 72) connected to the first planetary gear (10) comprises at least one engaged gear (62, 74) and gears (64, 64). 76), which gear drive (62, 74) is coupled and disengaged on a first main shaft (34) arranged with the first planetary shaft (10) and which gear (64, 76) is coupled and disengaged on a side shaft. (18); that the at least one gear pair (G2, 66, 78) connected to the second planetary gear (12) comprises at least one geared gear (68, 80) and gear (70, 82) arranged in engagement with each other, which gear gear (68, 80) is coupling and disengagingly arranged on a second main shaft (36) arranged with the first planetary shaft (12) and which gear (70, 82) is coupling and disengagingly arranged on a side shaft (18), wherein in step b) the gears (62, 74, 68, 80) are coupled to the main shafts (34, 36) and the gears (64, 76, 70, 82) are coupled to the side shaft (18) to engage the shafts.
[6]
Method according to claim 5, characterized in that a fifth gear pair (G3, 21) is arranged between a side shaft (18) and the output shaft (20) and that the fifth gear pair (G3, 21) comprises a fifth gear ( 92), which is detachably arranged on the side shaft (18), and that after step c) in a step d) the fifth gear (92) is fixed on the side shaft (18).
[7]
7. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after step c) and d) in a further step e) with a second coupling unit (58) interconnecting a second sun gear (32) arranged at the second planetary gear (12) and a second planet gear holder (51) with each other when the second sun gear (32) and the second planet wheel holder (51) rotate by a synchronous speed.
[8]
8. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in step e) the first and second electric machines (14, 16) are activated so that the first electric machine (14) rotates in the opposite direction to the second electric machine (16).
[9]
9. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in step e) the first electric machine (14) is activated to perform a first moment (T1) and the second electric machine (16) is activated to perform a second moment (T2), the magnitude of the first and second torques (T1, T2) influencing the output power (P) from the first and second electrical machines (14, 16) to the output shaft (20).
[10]
Vehicle, characterized in that the vehicle (1) crosses in accordance with the procedure according to any of the seas 1-9.
[11]
A computer program (P) for controlling the jogging of a vehicle (1), wherein said computer program (P) comprises program code for causing an electronic control unit (48) or another computer (53) connected to the electronic control unit (48) to perform the steps according to any one of claims 19.
[12]
A computer program product comprising a program code stored on a computer readable medium for performing the method steps according to any one of claims 1-9, when said program code is crossed on an electronic control unit (48) or another computer (53) connected to the electronic the control unit (48). .6u 9 `6! D agas 8t7 06 t '£ 6 96 CS L6 OZ Ger- Z9 908 66 86 09 71 ZL 7/99 61, Z1, 9 c 96 49 TL '09 9 ZCt7C C9 '12 L6 ZO 99 OZ ZO '22. '99 4/4 0

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公开号 | 公开日

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US11155265B2|2021-10-26|

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EP3119630A1|2017-01-25|

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SE539028C2|2017-03-21|

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KR101829442B1|2018-02-13|

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WO2015142260A1|2015-09-24|

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RU2016140144A|2018-04-20|

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EP3119630A4|2017-12-27|

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US20170015325A1|2017-01-19|

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法律状态:

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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SE1450328A|SE539028C2|2014-03-20|2014-03-20|Procedure for driving a vehicle with a hybrid drivetrain, vehicles with such a hybrid drivetrain, computer programs for controlling a vehicle's driving, and a computer software product comprising program code|SE1450328A| SE539028C2|2014-03-20|2014-03-20|Procedure for driving a vehicle with a hybrid drivetrain, vehicles with such a hybrid drivetrain, computer programs for controlling a vehicle's driving, and a computer software product comprising program code|

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KR1020167028858A| KR101829442B1|2014-03-20|2015-03-17|Method for takeoff of a vehicle comprising a hybrid driveline|

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PCT/SE2015/050300| WO2015142260A1|2014-03-20|2015-03-17|Method for takeoff of a vehicle comprising a hybrid driveline|

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US15/124,115| US11155265B2|2014-03-20|2015-03-17|Method for takeoff of a vehicle comprising a hybrid driveline|

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EP15765426.0A| EP3119630A4|2014-03-20|2015-03-17|Method for takeoff of a vehicle comprising a hybrid driveline|

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RU2016140144A| RU2654850C2|2014-03-20|2015-03-17|Method of vehicle breakaway with hybrid transmission and a vehicle with the hybrid transmission|